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73–153.We use cookies and similar tools that are necessary to enable you to make purchases, to enhance your shopping experiences, and to provide our services, as detailed in our Cookie Notice. John Gallagher, ‘The Decline, Revival and Fall of the British Empire’, in Anil Seal, ed., The Decline, Revival and Fall of the British Empire: The Ford Lectures and Other Essays by John Gallagher (Cambridge, 1982), pp. John Darwin, Britain and Decolonisation: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World (Basingstoke, 1988), p. 473.Įlizabeth Monroe, Britain’s Moment in the Middle East, 1914–1971 (2nd edn, London, 1981), p. Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict, 1500–2000 (London, 1989), p. 5.Įrnest Barker, The Ideas and Ideals of the British Empire (Cambridge, 1942), pp. Ken Bradley, Hellfire Pass Memorial, Thailand-Burma Railway (5th edn, Bangkok, 1997), p. 324.Īyesha Jalal, The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League and the Demand for Pakistan (Cambridge, 1985), pp. Brown, Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy (2nd edn, Oxford, 1994), p. Brown and Wm Roger Louis, eds, The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Twentieth Century IV (Oxford, 1999), p. Keith Jeffrey, ‘The Second World War’, in Judith M. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The priority, particularly after the fall of Europe, was the defence of the United Kingdom. Yet, in the Second World War, Britain’s imperial resources were scattered across the globe, and the Empire was forced to defend itself against three major military powers. In the First World War, the threats were limited to specific geographical areas: Africa, the Middle East, Europe and the Atlantic. Although it was able to extricate the British Expeditionary Force from France and defeat Italian forces in North Africa (thus saving Egypt), it faced the onslaught of Germany’s armed forces in the West and Japanese attacks in the East.

Perhaps the key difference between the First and Second World Wars is that throughout the Great War, the British Empire was engaged in offensive operations, whereas in the period 1939 to 1943 it found itself on the defensive.